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The region around Fontainebleau in France is particularly famous for its concentrated bouldering areas. French alpine climbers practiced bouldering there since the 19th century. It remains today a prime climbing location. It is the biggest and most developed bouldering area in the world. The Fontainebleau climbing areas are located in a forested area South of Paris. They are colloquially known as "Font" to English speakers, and as ''Bleau'' in France. They are located mostly within the ''Forêt Domaniale'' (National Forest) ''de Fontainebleau'', near the town of Fontainebleau, ''des Trois Pignons'' (near Milly-la-Forêt) and ''de la Commanderie'' (near Larchant). Some of the major areas are: * Le Cul de Chien in les Trois Pignons.〔Escalade à Bleau, Tome 1: Les Trois Pignons, COSIROC〕 * le Cuvier (Bas-Cuvier, Cuvier Rempart) and les Gorges d'Apremont in Forêt de Fontainebleau.〔Escalade à Bleau, Tome 2: Forêt domaniale de Fontainebleau, COSIROC〕 * La Dame Jouanne and l'Éléphant at Larchant, in Forêt de la Commanderie.〔 Although at a farther distance, the climbing areas of Beauvais () (Nainville-les-Roches, north of Milly), Nemours, Buthiers-Malesherbes (West of Larchant) and Chamarande are similar and are considered part of ''Bleau''. The Fontainebleau grading system originated here. ==History== At the end of the 1800s, Aldolphe Joanne, the president of the Club Alpin Français, invited foreign visitors to visit the sites of Franchard and Apremont.〔 In 1900, the Club Alpin Français organised a meet to ascend "the Gorges d'Apremont range" and then go to Larchant whose huge rocks constitute the "usual practicing area of the Paris Section of CAF." Several ''Bleau'' boulders or routes are named after famous climbers of the beginning of the 20th century: Prestat, Wehrlin, Maunoury, Gaché, Labour, Paillon, Souverain, and the famous Pierre Allain, the inventor of the smooth-sole climbing shoe (named ''P.A.'' from his initials). Before World War II, most of the areas that are popular today were already well known to Parisian climbers, except for Les Trois Pignons, which was not easily accessible by public transport. At the time, people would climb in Fontainebleau primarily to train for mountain climbing. Thus, the 1936 French expedition to Karakoram included several ''Bleausards'' (''Bleau'' climbers). ''Bleausards'' Robert Paragot, Lucien Bérardini and René Ferlet made the first ascent of the South Face of the Aconcagua in 1954. Initially, there were no formalised routes; climbers would choose the most remarkable boulders, aiming for the highest and most committed ones, as a preparation for the mountains. The first guidebook appeared in 1945, written by Maurice Martin, providing a map of blocks and routes with their names and ratings. The first painted route was created in 1947 by Fred Bernick in the Cuvier Rempart area, followed by routes at Les Gorges d'Apremont painted by Pierre Mercier in 1952. The standardisation of route colour by difficulty (Yellow = PD, Orange = AD, Blue = D, Red = TD, Black = ED, White = ED+) dates back to the 1980s. Today, most ''Bleau'' climbing areas are owned by the French state and managed by the Office National des Forêts, in cooperation with the local governments and with the climbers, represented by (COSIROC ''(Comité de Défense des Sites et Rochers d'Escalade)'' ). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Fontainebleau rock climbing」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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